Hawaiian Crows
‘Alalā
Corvus hawaiiensis
• Extinct in the wild since 2002
• About 100 living in captivity
• Lifespan of about 20 years
• Threatened by habitat loss, avian diseases, non-native predators (cats, rats and small Indian mongoose) and hunting
• Lives in ‘ōhi‘a and acacia koa forests between 1,000 and 8,200 feet elevation
• Consumes native fruits such as ‘ōlapa, ‘ie‘ie and hō‘awa, nectar, flowers, insects, dead animals, eggs and nestlings of other birds
Crested Honeycreeper
‘Akohekohe
Palmeria dolei
• Critically Endangered since 1967
• Population estimated between 3,000 and 4,500
• Unknown lifespan
• Threatened by avian diseases, habitat loss, small population sizes and climate changes
• Lives in wet and damp forests containing ‘ōhi‘a, ‘ōlapa, acacia koa and kāwa‘u
• Consumes insects and nectar from ‘ōhi’a, lehua and other flowers
Hawaiian Hoary Bat
‘Ōpe’ape’a
Lasiurus semotus
• Endangered since 1970
• Population estimated a few hundred to a few thousand, but overall unknown
• Lifespan of about 2 years
• Threatened by habitat loss, pesticides, structure collision (wind turbines, barbed-wire fences) and predation
• Lives in native and non-native plants such as ‘ōhi’a, pu hala, coconut palms, kukui, kiawe, avocado trees, shower trees and cook pine at low elevations in Hawaii
• Consumes insects such as beetles, moths and flies
Hawaiian Monk Seal
‘Īlio holo i ka uaua
Monachus schauinslandi
• Critically Endangered since 1976
• Population of about 1,600 worldwide
• Lives about 30 years
• Threatened by food limitation, pollution, disease, human-seal interaction (feeding, fishing, disturbance, boat/vehicle strikes, etc.), habitat loss, shark predation and male seal aggression
• Lives in warm, subtropical waters of Hawaii
• Consumes fish, squid, octopuses, shrimp, crabs, lobsters and eels
Hawaiian Moorhen
‘Alae ‘ula
Himantopus mexicanus knudseni
• Endangered since 1967
• Population of about 450
• Lifespan is unknown but estimated about 10 years • Threatened by habitat loss, avian diseases, pollution, climate change and non-native predators (dogs, cats, rats, small Indian mongoose, cattle egrets, barn owls, and American bullfrogs)
• Lives in lowland wetlands and river valleys on Oahu and Kauai
• Consumes water plants and seeds, grasses, algae, insects and mollusks
Native Yellow Hibiscus
Ma’o hau hele
Hibiscus brackenridgei
• Endangered since 1994
• Population of about 100-300
• Lives for over 5 years
• Threatened by invasive plant competition, non-native species predation (deer, cattle, Chinese rose beetle, rats) and wildfires
• Grows in lowland damp or dry forests on Oahu
Ko’oloa’ula
Abutilon menziesii
• Endangered since 1986
• Population of less than 500
• Lives for over 5 years
• Threatened by invasive plant competition, habitat loss, nonnative fungus, wildfires and drought
• Grows in lowland coastal plains and dry forests on Oahu, Maui, Hawai’i and Lanai
O’ahu Tree Snails
Kāhuli Achatinella
• Critically Endangered since
1981
• Less than 1,000 of A. mustelina living, population of other species unknown
• Lives about 11 years
• Threatened by habitat loss, non-native predators (wild boars, rats, rosy wolfsnails) and low reproductive rates
• Lives in native trees and bushes in Ko‘olau and Waianae on Oahu • Consumes fungus from the leaves of native plants
Hawkbill Sea Turtle
Honu’ea Eretmochelys imbricata
• Critically Endangered since 1970
• Estimated 20,000 to 23,000 nesting females living worldwide, less than 100 living in Hawaii
• Estimated lifespan of 50 years
• Threatened by habitat loss, pollution (fishing gear, plastic materials, oil), climate change, poaching and predation of eggs
• Lives in offshore coral reefs and mangrove estuaries during nesting, algal mats in the open ocean after hatching; found in oceans worldwide
• Consumes sea sponges, corals, algae, small fish, jellyfish, mollusks, crustaceans and sea urchins
False Killer Whale
Pseudorca crassidens
• Endangered since 2012
• Less than 200 worldwide
• Lives about 63 years (females) and 58 years (males)
• Threatened by overfishing, hunting, pollution and small population size (reduced genetic diversity)
• Lives in tropical to subtropical waters below 3,300 feet, found around Hawaii, American Samoa, Pacific remote islands, the Gulf of Mexico, the United States West Coast and the Mariana Archipelago
• Consumes fish (tuna, billfish, wahoo, mahimahi) and squid.
Sources: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Millennium Challenge Corporation; World Wildlife Fund; Hawai’i Wildlife Fund; Sea Turtle Conservancy; Hawai’i Department of Land and Natural Resources; U.S. National Park Service; Pacific Rim Conservation; Bat Conservation International; Animal Diversity Web; U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service; Cornell Lab’s All About Birds; Hawai’i Public Radio; American Bird Conservancy; Native Plants Hawai’i; and the Center for Plant Conservation.