Six things that astronauts need to have and do to prepare for their space mission, as shared
NASA has qualifying degrees
In order to be qualified, one must hold a master’s degree from a STEM field, such as engineering, biological science, physical science, computer science or mathematics, given by an accredited institution.
Applicants need to have prior related experience to their field
Applicants must have a minimum of three years of related experience in their field after their academic completion. For pilots, they have to fly at least a total of 1,000 hours in their career. For doctors, experience in residency is needed and must be completed at a specific date set by NASA.
Applicants have to be fit
Applicants have to be able to endure strenuous conditions, which is why NASA is strict with basic vital signs like heart rate, respiratory rate and even skeletal integrity. Applicants also have to be able to move flexibly and comfortably inside a spacecraft. NASA checks for an applicant’s height and weight to make sure of this. Applicants have to be in a healthy state of mind. NASA requires a mental examination to check for any past mental disorders or difficulties to ensure there are no such risks when in operation.
Once accepted, candidates need to gain what NASA calls “expeditionary skills”
Self-Care and Team-Care: Candidates have to maintain physical exercise, psychological evaluations and team-building activities. Embarking on Pilgrimages: Candidates have to participate in long-duration simulations to practice resource management and problem solving in environments with harsh surroundings. The Challenge of the Quest: Candidates have to sharpen their wits by participating in simulations that test their academic and technical skills while under pressure.
Launching Into Orbit: Candidates need to get used to being a part of a team by training communication skills, cooperation and coordination.
Candidates become active astronauts by passing mission-specific trainings
Spacewalking: Astronauts train how to walk and navigate in zero gravity in a facility called Neutral Buoyancy Laboratory that can create an environment that feels like space. Spacecraft Training: Astronauts need to adapt to high-altitude and high-speed situations by training in a jet aircraft called T-38. Systems and Experiments: Astronauts need to know how to operate robots and conduct experiments in space, so they also undergo scientific equipment training and robotics training.
Finally, astronauts prepare to leave
When astronauts are chosen for specific missions, they are given time by NASA to mentally prepare their families for their long absences. Astronauts have to be mentally and physically ready for the mission, which is why diet and mental health exercises are even more crucial in these moments.
Finally, astronauts say their goodbyes and prepare to leave Earth by sharing hugs with family and friends and taking a moment to reflect on their incredible achievements and goals.